Time: from, since, for, during
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from, since and for
from is normally used with to or
till/until:
Most people work from nine to five
from can also be used of place:
Where do you come from?
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since is used for time, never for
place, and means 'from that time to the time referred to'. It is often used
with a present perfect or past perfect tense.
He has been here since Monday, (from
Monday till now)
He wondered where Ann was. He had wit seen her since their
quarrel.
since can also be an adverb :
He left school in 1983. I haven't seen him since.
since can also be a conjunction of
time:
He has worked for us ever since he left school.
It is two years since I last
saw Tom = last saw Tom two years ago/I haven't seen Tom for two years
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for is used of a period of time: for
six years, for two months, for ever:
Bake it for two hours.
He traveled in the desert for six months.
For + a period of time can be used with a
present perfect tense or past perfect tense for an action which extends up to
the time of speaking:
He has worked here for a year. (He began
working here a year ago and still works here.)
for used in this way is replaceable
by since with the point in time when the action began:
He has worked here since this time last year.
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during and for
during is used with known periods of
time, i.e. periods known by name, such as Christmas, Easter or periods which
have been already refilled:
during the Middle Ages during 1941
during the summer (of that year)
during his childhood
during my holidays
The action can either last the whole period
or occur at some time within period:
It rained all Monday but stopped raining during the night. (at some point of time)
He was ill for a week, and during that week he ate nothing.
for (indicating purpose) may be used
before known periods:
I went there/I hired a car/I rented a house for my holidays/for
the summer.
for has various other uses: ;
He asked for £5. I Raid £1 for it.
I bought one for Tom.
for can also be a conjunction and introduce a clause
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Time: to, till/until, after, afterwards (adverb)
Time: to, till/until, after, afterwards (adverb)
A)
to and till/until
to can be used of time and place; till/until
of time only.
We can use from ... to or from . . . till/until:
They worked from five to ten/from five till ten. (at five to ten
would mean 'at 9:55'.)
But if we have no from we use till/until, not to:
Let's start now and work till dark. (to would not be possible
here.)
till/until is often used with a
negative verb to emphasize lateness:
We didn't get home till 2 a.m.
He usually pays me cm Friday but last week he didn't pay me till
the following Monday.
till/until is very often used as a
conjunction of time:
We 'II stay here fill it stops raining.
Go on till you come to the level crossing.
But note that if 'you come to' is omitted, the till must be
replaced by to:
Go on to the level crossing.
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B)
after and afterwards
(adverb)
after (preposition) must be followed by
a noun, pronoun or gerund:
Don't bathe immediately after a meal/after eating.
Don't have a meal and bathe immediately after it.
If we do not wish to use a noun/pronoun or gerund, we cannot use after,
but must use afterwards (= after that) or then:
Don't have a meal and bathe immediately afterwards.
They bathed and afterwards played games/played games afterwards or
They bathed and then played games.
afterwards can be used at either end of
the clause and can be modified by soon, immediately, not long etc.:
Soon afterwards we got a letter.
We got a letter not long afterwards.
after can also be used as a
conjunction:
After he had tuned the piano
it sounded quite different.
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